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Plant-Origin Natural Product Inhibitors of TNF and RANKL

How NovaMechanics developed an in silico pipeline to screen plant-origin natural products and discovered the first natural product TNF inhibitors, including the first NP small-molecule dual inhibitor of both TNF and RANKL.

Published in Frontiers in Pharmacology

Natural Products: Untapped Potential Against Inflammation

The Challenge: Mining Plant-Origin Natural Products for TNF/RANKL Inhibition

Despite the success of anti-TNF biologics, there's a need for orally available, cost-effective alternatives. Plant-origin natural products offer a vast, largely unexplored chemical space. The challenge was to develop an efficient computational pipeline to screen this natural product space and identify compounds that can directly inhibit TNF and its close relative RANKL — key mediators of chronic inflammatory conditions including rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis.

Vast
Untapped chemical space from plant sources
Dual Target
TNF + RANKL for inflammatory and bone diseases
First
Natural product TNF inhibitors discovered

Our Approach

An integrated drug discovery pipeline from natural product databases to validated hits

Natural Product Database Screening

Developed an in silico drug discovery pipeline specifically designed for virtual screening of plant-origin natural products. Curated comprehensive databases of NP compounds with potential for direct TNF and RANKL inhibition at the trimerization interface.

Structure-Based Virtual Screening & Docking

Performed molecular docking of natural products against the TNF and RANKL crystal structures. Prioritized 15 compounds from the virtual screening as potential direct TNF inhibitors for experimental testing.

Compound Acquisition & Testing

Obtained 15 prioritized NP candidates and subjected them to comprehensive in vitro biological evaluation. Tested compounds for direct TNF function inhibition and RANKL blocking activity.

Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Extended MD simulations using the fully automated EnalosMD suite rationalized the mode of action at the molecular level, confirming stable binding at the trimerization interfaces and explaining structure-activity relationships.

In Vitro Validation

Identified two potent direct TNF inhibitors with low micromolar IC50 values and minimal toxicity even at high concentrations. Both compounds showed dose-dependent inhibition of TNF function.

Dual Inhibitor Discovery — Compound A11

Most significantly, compound A11 (Ampelopsin H) proved to be a dual inhibitor of both TNF and RANKL — the first natural product small-molecule dual inhibitor ever reported. This represents a breakthrough in NP-based drug discovery for inflammatory diseases.

Key Results

15
NP Candidates
Prioritized from virtual screening for experimental testing
2 Hits
Potent TNF Inhibitors
Low micromolar IC50 with minimal toxicity
A11
Dual TNF/RANKL Inhibitor
First natural product dual inhibitor ever reported
Low Toxicity
Safety Profile
Minimal toxicity even at high concentrations
First
NP TNF Inhibitors
First natural product TNF inhibitors discovered
EnalosMD
Validated Pipeline
Fully automated MD simulation workflow

Powered by NovaMechanics Software

Enalos Asclepios KNIME Nodes

Used for molecular dynamics simulations and structure-based virtual screening. The EnalosMD suite provided fully automated MD workflows for validating natural product binding modes and rationalizing structure-activity relationships.

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Isalos Analytics Platform

Enabled comprehensive compound analysis, molecular descriptor calculations, and structure-activity relationship visualization. Supported the chemical data management and analysis workflow for natural product screening.

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Related Publication

Peer-Reviewed Paper

In Silico Discovery of Plant-Origin Natural Product Inhibitors of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) and Receptor Activator of NF-κB Ligand (RANKL)

Melagraki G., Ntougkos E., Papadopoulou D., Rinotas V., Leonis G., Douni E., Afantitis A., Kollias G. — Frontiers in Pharmacology, 9:800, July 2018. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00800

This study established NovaMechanics' capability to mine the vast chemical space of plant-origin natural products for therapeutic hits. The discovery of compound A11 (Ampelopsin H) — the first natural product dual TNF/RANKL inhibitor — opens new avenues for developing affordable, plant-derived treatments for inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis. The EnalosMD pipeline demonstrated here became the foundation for the Enalos Asclepios KNIME nodes used in subsequent studies.